Analysis Of Thes The Interior Castle And John Calvins...

The command to know thyself echoes from the Delphic oracle through modern popular culture; however, despite the persistence of the dictum across centuries, the notions of knowledge and self have undergone significant changes. The 16th century offers a liminal period of such changes in the Western world as the Reformations, both Catholic and Protestant, remade the Christian self. In this essay, I offer a foray into the concept of self-knowledge in this pivotal period by comparing the concept in Teresa of Avila’s The Interior Castle and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion. These two dissimilar figures, one a Catholic, mystical theologian and the other the father of Reformed Protestantism renowned for his systematic rigor,†¦show more content†¦The Interior Castle represents Teresa of Avila’s mature reflections on the nature of humanity’s growth in relationship to God. In this work, written by Teresa in 1577 at the age of 62, we are off ered the sagacious reflections of a woman who has spent over forty years in reflection on and practice of the contemplative life. Teresa structures the work around the image of the soul as a castle with seven dwelling places through which one moves as they grow deeper in the path to spiritual union with God. Teresa attributes this image to a vision or communication from God and describes the soul as â€Å"made entirely out of a diamond or of very clear crystal, in which there are many rooms† wherein â€Å"the King, God, dwells in the innermost place.† This image of the castle is essential for understanding Teresa’s conception of self-knowledge. The entire process from start to finish is an exercise in interiority culminating in a unitive experience with God. One’s first steps into the castle is an exercise in knowing one’s self. Teresa even calls this first room of the castle the room of self-knowledge. For Teresa says, â€Å"Knowing ourselves is something so important that I wouldn’t want any relaxation ever in this regard, however high you may have climbed into the heavens.† For Teresa, self-knowledge exists within a reciprocal relationship to the knowledge of God. As one grows to know his/herself, one gains a

Shakespeare Magic and Supernatural Occurances Essay

Magic and supernatural occurrences in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Richard III, and The Tempest are used to create a surreal world to confuse and resolve conflicts in each play. Magic provides the audience with an escape from reality and the comfort of the play’s unrealistic nature. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, a love potion from a magical flower is used and misused to provide comic relief and resolution to love’s difficulties, supernatural ghosts are used to condemn a horrific murderer in Richard III to ensure his downfall and deserved death and finally, magic from Prospero’s book in The Tempest is used for his righteous revenge and harmony amongst the characters. The Duke of Athens, Theseus, states, â€Å"the best in this kind†¦show more content†¦In Act V, scene v, the 11 ghosts whom he has murdered bombard dreaming Richard. Each ghost stops to speak to him to condemn him for his or her death and the ghost of Bucking ham tells Richard of his soon fate of, â€Å"d[ying] in terror of thy guiltiness!† (V.v. 124). The ghosts then proceed to sleeping Richmond, telling him that they will be by his side and he will rule England and be the gather of a race of kings. Terrified, Richard wakes up and presents a soliloquy displaying his first presence of humane thoughts and feelings. Revealing self doubt, conscious, and regret for his horrendous actions, he states, â€Å"what do I fear? Myself? There’s none else by. / Richard loves Richard; that is, I am I. / Is there a murderer here? No. Yes, I am† (V.v. 136-138). Richard is seized with the renowned horror when he realizes that he is the most dangerous person he could be left alone with. He then recalls upon an interesting idea after he discovered a way to flee from the situation, â€Å"Why? / Lest I revenge. Myself upon myself?† (V.v. 139-140). After second guessing himself due to supernatural ghosts, he is visited again by a m ysterious inner demon from which even he is not safe. He then moves past this thought by stating that he loves himself, but realizes that it is an impossible thought because he has never done any loving acts, just hateful, villainous murders. In the first speech of theShow MoreRelated Comparing Shakespeares Play, Hamlet and Miltons Play, Samson Agonistes2511 Words   |  11 Pagesawakening of his mind is a difficult one in that he is constantly forced to doubt all that his senses tell him and every conclusion that his reason makes from them. He is sometimes unsure whether or not he ought to trust himself, but this is a normal occurance because his mind is being reborn and still must prove to him its steadfast nature. In Samson Agonistes, there are several direct and indirect references to the awakening of Samsons mind and to his trust in his self as opposed to placing his fate

My Favorite Person Free Essays

My favourite person â€Å"Michael Jordan† † I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Person or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. † Those encouraging words were spoken by Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, on February 17, 1963. He moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. I am going to tell you why Jordan is in fact so famous. He had to go through tough obstacles all his life. His love for basketball began when his older brother, Larry, continuously beat him in one-on-one pickup games. Michael was taking the challenges but he didn’t give up, that was why he became a better player. Jordan played basketball for Laney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina. When he was a sophomore Jordan was cut from varsity basketball team. Instead of giving up he was working hard, hour after another. He spent a lot of time in the gym practicing, only reason why he did that was to achieve his goal by becoming a professional player and to make the team. Finally he made the team and let it to the state championship. Jordan then accepted a basketball scholarship from the University of North Carolina. Two years later he got drafted into the NBA. Michael Jordan was the most valuable player for a long time. Everyone knows and consider him the best basketball player ever. There is no such person that doesn’t know who is Michael Jordan. I picked this person because I really think that MJ was the one who brought the game of basketball on a new level. His thoughts and philosophy motivate nowadays other great players. He was a strong guy during his life, the death of his father was a shock for him but he stood still and went back to the NBA. That’s the quality that few people have is moving forward to your dreams no matter what happens in your life. I am going back to MJ’s words † I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. † Becoming a successful person is a long way full of failures and mistakes and that makes someone successful in something it’s the dedication and hardwork. How to cite My Favorite Person, Essay examples

Airport Security free essay sample

Threat of terrorism technological human methods of detection prevention. Access control, explosives, x-ray imaging, nuclear techniques, costs and training. The aviation industry as of late has faced the incredible problem of security, due to a particular breach thereof which had horrifying results and implications as to the possibilities of unsafe air travel. In consideration of this, security measures were necessary to ensure that such a situation would not again arise. Thus, screening became a step in travel, one which is now faced with various solutions with differing degrees of social and ethical mettle. The registered flyer program established to enable pre-screening is jilted by the financial requirements of the service, ignoring fiscal inequality within society. The ethics of allowing private companies to determine the identity of citizens are also murky considering the freedom for error and abuse created. Privacy will be and has always been an issue within American society. The existence of machinery which invades this must be met with rules to prevent its abuse, as unethical employees may figure out a way to turn off censors, t hereby seeing things the flyers would not with them to. We will write a custom essay sample on Airport Security or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As with any industry, that of aviation faces numerous pitfalls to social and ethical wrong, which must be sought out and corrected prior to any damage being done.

Values Essays - Szd Speech, DraftHolzner, Anton,

Values The Vales that you develop as you go threw life determine what kind of a person you become. Most of my values I learned were from my family, my friends, and the people that I admire. There are certain things that I value in my life; one of those is the friends that I made when I lived in Heidelberg, Germany for two years. Another thing that I value is having a chance to live in Europe for two years. Finally the last value that I would like to talk about is my relationship with my parents. The Guys that I made friends with in Heidelberg are probably gone to be my best friends for the rest of my life. The reason why I value these friends so much is because I really do not think that I could find another group of guys like them. When I first moved to Germany at the beginning of my junior year I met these guys and we went on a trip to the Octoberfest in Munich. We had a great time and ever since that trip we have all been the best of friends and nothing really has come between us. I think one of the reasons we are such good friends is that do not let girls come between us. I have seen so many friendships ruined because some guy has a girlfriend that he spends all his time with, and he kind of forgets about spending time with his boys. So my buddies and I have this kind of value, I guess you call it, bros before whoes, which means no matter how fine or how special the girl is she will never come first. There was no particular event that made us become closer friends I thin k that we are just have a lot of the same interest and that is what makes us such close friends. We have a great time when we are together it does not matter where we are as long as we are with each other we will have a great time Being able to live in Europe for two years was a great experience for me. When my parents first told me that we were going to be moving to Germany I was a little upset. But I am glad we did because I was able to experience so many things that kids in the States would never get to experience. For instance, I was able to drink some really good beer. I traveled to a lot of places and events that kids in the States were not able to go to. I went to the Octoberfest, Love Parade, spring break in Ibiza, Spain, and a whole lot of other stuff. If I never lived in Germany I would have never been able to experience all the things that I did. Living in Germany was a valuable experience for me because I think it gave me a different perspective of the world. My good relationship with my parents is something that I value because some kids do not have the pleasure of having a good relationship with their parents. I can pretty much tell my parents anything and they will be cool with it. For example my parents know that I drink. They understand that I am going to drink and as long as I am safe and responsible about it my parents do not have a problem with me drinking. A lot of times my dad will come out with my buddies and I when we go drinking. I dont have to go around lying and hide to my parents that I drink like a lot of other kids do. My parents and I rarely ever get into fights. So a good relationship with my parents is something that I value a lot. Values are something that everybody has. They are basically what shape a person into who they are. Without the values that I learned from my parents, my friends, and people that I look up to I would not be the person that I am today. Health Care

Discuss Zolas use of setting in Chapter one of Thérèse Raquin Essay Example

Discuss Zolas use of setting in Chapter one of Thà ©rà ¨se Raquin Essay Example Discuss Zolas use of setting in Chapter one of Thà ©rà ¨se Raquin Essay Discuss Zolas use of setting in Chapter one of Thà ©rà ¨se Raquin Essay Essay Topic: Literature In the first chapter of the book Thà ©rà ¨se Raquin   Zola creates a detailed description of the setting, creating an atmosphere that is some what less then desirable. We are instantly taken into the bleak dark narrow corridor that runs between the Rue Mazarine and the Rue de Seine. Out of this sinister atmosphere that is created we are then introduced to mysterious characters that dwell in the the darkness that is at home in the middle of the day. Zola creates a tight, claustrophobic, almost suffocating atmosphere, with the narrowness of the arcade; and the stifling dust that clings to everything, sensory images are created with the description of the acrid-smelling damp that seems to linger and encapsulate every section of the narrow passage. There is an overwhelming feeling of oppression throughout the chapter even the sunlight on a fine summers day is described as beating down oppressively. It is not a hospitable place to be and is used as nothing more then a short cut for people who swiftly make there way past the desolate old shops, with no intention of stopping in the menacing ally that looks to be the home of cut-throats. The wall that runs down the passage is personified as having leprous sores and zigzagged with scars thus adding to the threatening atmosphere, and creating and even narrower feel to the passage because the wall is so revolting that if you were to walk down the narrow corridor you would not want to come into any contact with it which limits the already limited space. Zola uses an array of differing dreary colours to describe the objects that reside along the passage du Pont-Neuf. Yellowish flagstones illustrates a sickly discolouration to the stone, it is not even a full colour, it is almost a shadow of what it once was, which fits perfectly in with the surrounding atmosphere as everything is old and weathered and lost amongst the shadows. The thick dust that hangs heavily on all objects is grey and dismal, with strange greenish reflections shining on the merchandise, much like the description of the flagstones the reflections on the merchandise are not strong in colour Zola describes it as being greenish hinting now all vibrancy has been sucked out of the atmosphere leaving it almost like a forgotten world, with the inescapable dominant colour of black that is prevalent throughout. Long flowing sentences are used describing one thing at a time, in extensive detail which helps to create the never ending austere atmosphere. It is almost like once you are in it, it is so confining that there is no possible escape but to keep going forward. There is no rush or urgency in the way that Zola describes the setting in chapter one, he is precise and defuse in his linguistic techniques using comers and semi-colons, however, still manages to create an unnerving atmosphere, where if you were in that position of walking through such a passage would add haste to your step. This is effective because it allows the reader to create a developed image of the scene that is set in their minds eye, and has them longing to discover what unfortunate characters might have to be subjected to living in such a depressing atmosphere. Out of the shadows of one of the narrow shops we are then introduced to three of the characters. Reflecting the mood of their surroundings they too appear to be discoloured and lost beneath the dust and grime. Their house is similar to the outside ally, cold damp, small and depressing. This lack of space can hint that these characters generally feel suffocated, oppressed and trapped, much like all who enter the passage; however, as they live there it is that much more intense, for them there is no light at the end of the passage. They appear to be slaves to their every day routine imprisoned in a gloomy world. The young girl would gaze vacantly at the coarsely rendered wall which reached high up into the sky we are told that she does this regularly and would stand there for a few minutes, this can indicate that she is bored of her surroundings and there is a possibility that she aspires for a way out of the oppressing atmosphere, however, the towering wall trapping her which indicates that there is no real way out, she is forced to exist in the dark, damp dull house, looking out of the grimy windows at the imprisoning wall. From the very beginning the ominous atmosphere that Zola creates indicates that the book would be about a tragedy of some sort with menacing elements that are consistent throughout the book. It prepares the reader for characters that should be similar in some way to the atmosphere that is created creating an element of expectation as to what should happen in the plot.

Effective Technology Support Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effective Technology Support Team - Essay Example The success enjoyed by Davies' team is proof of the fact that he enjoyed a rather effective technology support team. However, as we can see, his team was composed not only of his colleagues, but professors and graduates as well. This fact seems to point out, that for team success, it is not necessary to have a group of geniuses with a plethora of experience. So, what is it that actually determines how successful a team is Apart from having a well-defined objective, it is important for a team to have a clear process through which they will achieve that objective, i.e. the group defines and achieves a continuous series of 'small wins' along the way to a larger goal. In the example above, there were numerous problems the Stanley group faced along the way of the actual execution of the plan (such as the problem of controlling the car in dust and fog). However, the team was prepared for all the challenges they faced. Sure, they didn't have all the possible technologies they might need to get them through, but they had meticulously planned a specific line of action for each problem they might face. (Geoff Koch, former Intel editor, www.intel.com) A team can only flourish when it exists in an easy yet involving environment, in the sense that there is a lot of healthy discussion in which virtually everyone participates, but it limited to the teams' objective. If discussion gets off track, someone (whose role is pre-assigned) brings it back to the task in hand. After listening to each other, members just voice any and all ideas that come to mind. They do net hesitate considering the fact that their creativity may be labeled stupidity. They disagree and criticize each other frequently, but they always scrutinize each others' reason for doing so, so that they might work constructively towards the objective of the team. The purpose is simply not to dominate the dissenter, but to resolve the issue. Conversely, the dissenters don't try to dominate the group; they simple voice a genuine difference of opinion. If there are basic disagreements that can't be immediately resolved, the group figures out a way to live with them without let ting them halt its efforts. A decision is only taken when there is either unanimous or at the very least a general agreement, but never when there was confusion regarding both sides of a choice. (MacGregor D., n.d., The Human Side of Enterprise), (Kaztenbach & Smith, n.d. The Wisdom of Teams) However, this is the scenario where a team has actually been assembled and it sets out to perform the task at hand. But how is that team chosen in the first place, i.e. how does team building actually occur The first question asked about any team member is the level of intelligence. Are their brains capable of computing the amount of data necessary for the task When designing a particular system, there are a million different problems he might face.Will that person be able to address those issues Very simple put, does he have what it takes (patience, experience, judgment, analytical/problem solving capabilities, etc)to handle his job Additionally, it helps if the team members are curious about the things they actually research into. For e.g.

The Man with Head of Blue Hortensias Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Man with Head of Blue Hortensias - Essay Example The paper "The Man with Head of Blue Hortensias" will be the formal analysis of the two famous paintings. Gazing at the painting and then taking notes on what is observed can be the best strategy to achieve this. The Man with Head of Blue Hortensias is a painting done by Salvador Dali, a prominent Spanish surrealist artist. He had a range of art work that included photography, statuettes, cooperation with other artists, and paintings. Salvador was recognized for his extraordinary art work. Many accredit his artistic skills to the inspiration he got from the masters of rebirth. This paper will look at the painting depth, iconography, and color. In the Painting Depth, The Man with Head of Blue Hortensias, Salvador Dali tries to create depth in a number of ways. First, the male stature is perceived to be seating on a small rock near other large ones with his head bent or seating in a vertical position, depending on the position one is viewing the painting. The use of slightly bright col ors makes the rocks and the male stature appear close. In addition, there are dark clouds in the sky. The use of darker colors helps to make some rocks and the clouds appear to be far away. There seems to be a pathway separating the towering rocks on the left and where the male shape is seated. It appears close due to the slightly brighter color used. The rocks that have been painted in blue appear further away than those painted in brown. This goes a long way in depicting depth in the painting.

In what ways are the Aristotelian and Stoic accounts of emotion Essay

In what ways are the Aristotelian and Stoic accounts of emotion influenced by Plato's account of the psych in Republic IV - Essay Example He is an author of numerous works with their basis for his opinion regarding some issues like physical sciences, the sources of happiness, ethics of the Greek people and treatment of anger. His philosophies had a significant influence on the philosophical theories in the Western world (Plato 31). The history of the Stoics traces in the Hellenistic times. It consists of a number of philosophers teaching and talking about their views on philosophical issues during that period. Zeno originated with Stoicism philosophy, and he hailed from Athens as a teacher (Plato 34). His lecturing was noteworthy because it took place outside the classroom environment. Alexander, who was Aristotle’s student later, took over the philosophy. The philosopher addresses several areas, just like the issues by Aristotle’s philosophy as it has done (Plato 94). This philosophy is dissimilar to Aristotle in some issues and the manner of arguing out their issues. The only difference between this philosophy and that of Aristotle is how they view the issue of anger treatment differently. Aristotle reflects that anger has effects in the life and actions of an individual with that emotion. It is for that reason that he suggests that individuals should be careful prior adopting any action when they are angry. He connects anger to choices and choices by the person in question here. This theory explains that human beings should wait until their anger is over, so that they act to avoid regrets (Plato 110). Aristotle suggests that it is a cognitive response, meaning that the causes of resentment are due to a communication of the person’s mind and body. The effect is always negative as people tend to make wrong choices when angry, choices that they later regret. Reason being, communication to mind is so quick that the person does not realize the wrong act he is doing, which ends up being revenge.

Theories On Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay

Theories On Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay Several studies have revealed how dynamics in cultural identity influenced the learning of a second language (Graham Brown, 1996; McCarthy, Giardina, Harewood, Park, 2003). The process of language learning itself is socially and culturally constructed (Norton-Piece Toohey, 2001). How social formations, individual identities, and interpretations belonging to a particular culture is crucial to the development of language. Culture As defined by Brown (2007), culture is the ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools that characterize a given group of people in a given period of time (p. 380). A more comprehensive definition of culture developed by DÃ ­az-Rico and Weed (2006) views it as: The explicit and implicit patterns for living, the dynamic system of commonly agreed upon symbols and meanings, knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, behaviors, traditions, and/or habits that are shared and make up the total way of life of a people, as negotiated by individuals in the process of constructing a personal identity. (p. 233) This definition highlights the fact that culture is a dynamic, instead of static process and is neither something to be memorized nor a program that can be encoded to dictate behavior. The process of learning a new language while being immersed in a new culture involves cultural conflict and reconciliation of that conflict in order to come to terms with the host culture. Learning a second language even demands of an individual to take on a new identity (Guiora, 1995, p. 145). As a consequence, ones basic sense of self and confidence in ones abilities are challenged in this process of developing a new identity to cope with the acquisition of a new language. This process is called acculturation, generally referred to as the act of adjusting to a new culture. Acculturation There have been different models to explain the role of acculturation in the acquisition of a second language. Many authors have suggested that acculturation need not mean the eradiction of the old culture itself. Acculturation is adapt[ing] to a second culture without necessarily giving up ones first culture (Diaz-Weed, 2007, p. 246). This is contrary to the view that acculturation is synonymous to assimilation (total absorption into the new culture) or accommodation (mutual adjustment of cultures). Absorbing particular domains of a new society does not mean total surrender of the old or the zero-sum trade off (Berry, 1997, p. 34). Degrees of acculturation could be in four levels: integration (positive relationship to new and old), assimilation (relinquishing old, embracing new), segregation (retaining old, rejecting new), and marginalization (relinquishing old and new) (Berry, 1997). Theories on Second Language Acquisition The earliest research on second language acquisition (SLA) have been motivation studies which hypothesized that motivation is the fundamental factor toward SLA. Founded on the work of Robert Gardner and Wallace Lambert, the relationship of motivation and SLA have been helpful in understanding how the social and cultural environments of L2 learners shape their attitudes and motivations toward the L2, its culture, and L2 speakers (Gardner, 1979, 1980). These studies have pointed out that as a consequence, learners display behaviors which could either promote or impede their SLA outcomes (Gardner, 1979). Motivation for learning an L2 is divided by Gardner into two components: instrumental and integrative motivation. Instrumental motivation concerns an individuals primary concern for linguistic growth, apart from social goals in SLA (Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988; Gardner Lambert, 1959, 1972). Integrative motivation refers to an individuals willingness and interest in promoting L2 acquisiti on through social interactions with members of the L2 group (Gardner Lambert, 1959, 1972; Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988). Instrumental motivation is suggested by Gardner and Lambert to have a primary role in learning of the L2, while integrative motivation is depicted playing a lesser, supporting role (Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988; Gardner, Tremblay Masgoret, 1997; Gardner Lambert, 1972). Many theorists have criticized motivation studies as not sufficiently explaining the role of acculturation in SLA. According to Brown (1980, 2007), second language learners are optimally suited to learn the Culture and SLA second language when certain conditions of acculturation are met. Specifically, the optimal period is when learners are in the third stage of acculturation and also see themselves as outside of both their native culture and the second culture. Schumann (1986) claims that acculturation, or the integration of the L2 learner into the target linguistic community, is not a direct cause of second language acquisition (SLA), but rather it is the first in a chain of factors which results in natural SLA. He proposes that acculturation as a remote cause brings the learner into contact with TL-speakers and verbal interaction with those speakers as a proximate cause brings about the negotiation of appropriate input which then operates as the immediate cause of language acquisition (p. 385). Acculturation (made up of social and affective variables) is the causal varibale of SLA. That is, if learners acculturate, they will learn; if learners do not acculturate, they will not learn. Acculturation initiates a chain reaction including contact in the middle and acquisition as its outcome. Schumanns (1986) acculturation model includes seven social variables (1. social dominance, 2. assimilation, preservation, and adaptation, 3. enclosure, 4. cohesiveness and size, 5. congruence, 6. attitude, 7. intended length of residence) and four affective variables (1. language shock, 2. culture shock, 3. ego permeability, and 4. motivation) which presumably affect the quantity and quality of contact that second language learners have with the target language community, thus affecting SLA. Schumann argues that the degree to which a learner acculturates to the TL group will control the degree to which he acquires the second language (Schumann, 1978, p. 34), but he makes his claim only for the context of natural SLA, i.e., where learning takes place in the environment where the L2 is spoken and without direct language instruction (1986, p. 385). Language proficiency and acculturation There has been a dearth in empirical studies that examined the impact of a learners degree of acculturation on language proficiency or acquisition. Extant studies have however suggested that acculturation and language acquisition have a positive relationship. Acculturation is a more significant determinant in language proficiency than motivation or attitudes, as evidenced by Clements (1986) study. Clement (1986) showed how the interplay of motivation, individual attitudes and degree of acculturation result to SLA proficiency in quantitative cross-sectional study. In a correlational research conducted in a bilingual Canadian university, students were asked to fill up questionnaires that assessed ethnolinguistic vitality, motivation, and attitudes. Moreover, interviews were conducted among respondents to evaluate their proficiency in spoken English as a second language. Minority group members exhibited more self-confidence in their skill of speaking English as a second language and were also judged to be more proficient than members of the majority group. The level of acculturation measured by the frequency of L2 use and frequency of contact with L2 speakers was revealed to be functional in language proficiency. Motivation and attitudes tow ard L2 speakers, and L2 culture were not significantly correlated to language proficiency. Friendships and immersion with native English-speaking people is also important in cultivating SLA and proficiency. As shown in Graham and Browns (1996) study in a bilingual community in Mexico, the difference in proficiency among native Spanish speakers in speaking English could be a result of the varying levels of their acculturation to native English speakers. Using Schumanns (1986) acculturation model and variables, the degree of acculturation was measured among native Spanish-speaking households in Colonia Juarez town. To measure language proficiency, an oral proficiency interview was conducted. Native-like English proficiency among native Spanish speakers was attained only by those enrolled in bilingual schools. Their enrollment in the schools proved favorable to their SLA. Moreover, they developed more positive perceptions about the English-speaking community and developed more intimate friendships with their English-speaking peers (Graham Brown, 1996). Degree of acculturation, age, and marital status are also important factors in language proficiency. Lee (2005) investigated the relationship of English proficiency and degree of acculturation in terms of U.S. media consumption. The results revealed that the use of Korean language over the Internet negatively correlated with acculturation. Those that did not use English when consuming and participating in Internet-based communication were less proficient in speaking English than those that used English frequently. Moreover, younger and single Koreans were more proficient in speaking English than older and married Koreans due to their higher levels of U.S. media consumption (Lee, 2005). Lees study is consistent with the findings from Jiang et al. (2009) which found that greater degrees of immersion in American society leads to higher proficiency in the English language. Jiang et al. (2009) studied acculturation and Enlighs proficiency by studying an older Chinese-English population. Correlational analyses revealed a strong relationship between the degree of immersion in the dominant society and proficiency in oral English. Nevertheless, while speaking proficiency was found to be correlated with acculturation, accents were not.

texas vs johnson Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Texas vs. Johnson A very controversial court case in American history was Texas vs. Johnson (1984). In 1984, a man named Gregory Lee Johnson followed a group of anti – Reagan protesters to oppose the American exploitation of third world countries. This act of rebellion resulted in the burning of the American flag. Out of a total of approximately one hundred demonstrators who were involved in this ordeal, Johnson was solely charged with a crime. Johnson was arrested under Texas law, which made the burning of the United States or Texas flags crimes. Johnson was convicted and sentenced to one year in jail and fined two thousand dollars for his crime in restitution. Texas reasoned that the police were preventing the breach of peace; consider the flag a symbol of national unity. At Johnson's court trial, he was convicted of aiding, abetting and encouraging the burning of the Texan flag. This, in turn, made Johnson guilty under Texas state law. Johnson and his lawyers were dissatisfied with this decision and made an appeal to the Fifth Texas Supreme Judicial District. This appeal, made on May 8, 1985 would be titled as Texas vs. Johnson. The defense argued that Johnson was prosecuted in violation of the first Amendment, clearly states that no law may take away a person's freedom of speech or expression, and of the Bill of Rights and the free speech clause of the Texas Constitution. Johnson argued that in his opinion, flag burning is part of freedom o...

Checkin’ Out Me History Essay

Toussaint L’Ouverture, Mary Seacole, Shaka the Zulu. Have you ever heard of them? If not, it is probably because from a young age, we have all been taught history but were we given all the facts or just being ignorant? Many of the historic and inspirational figures we have learnt about are based in the culture of England but what about the black historic figures because some of these made a huge difference to our lives. John Agard is a poet from Guyana who writes passionately but often and politically and seriously. In one of his poems-â€Å"Checkin’ out me history† he questions why some of these great black historic leading figures were pushed away when they truly deserve our respect. In this essay, I will investigate the following question-â€Å"How does Agard use language and structure to convey his feelings in ‘Checkin’ out me history’? † In Agard’s use of language, he has purposely written some of the words in phonetic spelling. For instance he has said â€Å"dem† instead of â€Å"them† and when you are reading the poem out loud, no matter how hard you try not to, you will hear a Caribbean accent because writing in phonetics will force the reader into the accent even if they don’t want to. I think he wants them to speak in this way because the poem is based on how his heritage is being pushed away and since he is black, he wants to show who he really is and he wants to bring back his heritage by speaking in a black dialect. In addition to this he uses structure to portray his feelings in relation to his heritage. For instance he has made the stanzas on the black historic figures very thin in comparison to the other stanzas because they are quite wide. I think he has made the lay out this way because of how black historic figures are being pushed aside and it isn’t fair. Another way to look at this is that the other stanzas are wide because they are told more often and more widely over the world because of the historic figures mentioned in it. But a more positive way to look at it is that, Agard has put the stanzas this way because the black figures are more unique. Also Agard shows his annoyance by repeating the line ‘dem tell me’, I think he is repeating this line so he can show that his heritage being pushed away isn’t fair and he is serious about the topic he is talking about. Also by repeating the line, it is as if he is protesting against the fact that his heritage is being pushed away. When he is repeating the line, you can tell he is serious and won’t stop until justice is done. I personally think that he is quite accurate in what he is saying because where is the logic in shoving away some of the best historic figures just because they are black. It just isn’t fair on the people who come from a black heritage. Agard is really accurate in the way he describes the black historic figures included in this poem because of the way the description links with the real historic facts. For example: â€Å"Toussaint de thorn to de French†-this is really accurate because Toussaint was a great general who defended his country Saint Dominique against the French Colonies. Also the word choice suggests this because a thorn protects a rose and when Agard is referring to Toussaint as the thorn, it links with how he protected his country (the rose in this metaphor) from the hands of the French. Another point to be made is that by referring to Toussaint as a thorn can also suggest that he didn’t cause extreme damage, he only pricked them and when you get pricked by a thorn, you get annoyed which is how the French must have felt because they were a huge empire and they couldn’t drive the small island of Saint Dominique into submission so I’m sure they must have been feeling irritated. Now lets move on to the loving and caring Mary Seacole who was brave and skilled with medicine as she set off to the Crimean war even though people warned her not to go but she didn’t care because she wanted to save those soldiers lives and she would risk her own life to do it and even her own money but still many people have pushed her away from history. So lets have a look at the way Agard describes her in ‘Checkin’ out me history’-‘A healing star among the wounded’-Mary Seacole is referred to as a ‘healing star’ and a star is very high up in the sky so it forces the people to look up at it and when you look up at someone, it means you respect them, what it can also mean is that they can be your idol because you look for their guidance and follow in their footsteps. A biblical reference to this quote be that the three kings followed the bright star to get to baby Jesus. Also a star is known to link magic, which is like when people make a wish upon a star, they believe it to be magical. The soldiers involved in the Crimean war were also probably trying to make a wish because they thought they were going to die but then Mary Seacole came ready to help, the soldiers’ faith changed and their wish was granted. Another thing to be mentioned is that star can only be seen when it is dark like when you are walking in daytime, you can not see the stars at all because the sun light will block them out so you don’t notice them, but when you are camping in the woods and you look up in the night sky, you see they are all shining brightly. Since the Crimean war was going on, lots of people were dying and wounded every day and it truly was a really dark time. Then when all hope was lost, Mary Seacole appeared. Lastly ‘healing would suggest that she mended he wounded After having that long discussion about Mary Seacole, lets move on to another great women that took part in this poem. Nanny of the Maroons, a woman who had a great dream and lead many slaves to freedom. Lets explore the way Agard describes in this quote-‘see-far woman of mountain dream’-this shows that she is very strong and rugged just like a mountain. Also a mountain has a sharp point, which can link with her being smart. Mountain dream could also suggest a dream of freedom from slavery. My last point to be made is that since she built a town upon a mountain, she would look down upon people who are selfish and people would look up to her and respect her. Now that we have looked at the historical figures, lets have a look at John Agard himself and his personal feelings towards his heritage being pushed away. Here lets look at the evidence-‘ Bandage up me eye with me own history’- Agard must be feeling restricted, helpless and maybe even angry because he is from the Caribbean and from a young age he has learnt about English history but not his own black history. He must be feeling restricted because he probably feels that other people are stopping him from seeing his own heritage and history. Another point to be made is that most of the historic figures we learn about today are white, we should really be more considerate and learn about the black historic figures as well because there were many great historic leaders and figures who were black. Also if you were really blinded you would be unaware of where you are going and you would stress and be quite scared. To conclude this questionable topic by telling you my personal feelings on this poem, John Agard’s poem is very accurate in the message it is sending out because it is quite true in that we are actually pushing away black culture and learning more about our own (English) history instead of being diverse, we are still learning about the same things. I feel that this poem is written in a very entertaining way but also gets the message out to the audience very nicely. I also agree with the message being sent.

Analysis of Circular Motion essays

Analysis of Circular Motion essays ?ANALYSIS OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION PURPOSE: To analyse the relationship between the frequency of a rotating object and its centripetal force, its weight and its radius in a circular path. QUESTION: What is the relationship between the frequency of an object moving in a circular path and its mass, centripetal force, and the radius of such circular path? Would the magnitude of the frequency be proportional to the mass, centripetal force and radius of the object and its circular path respectively? PREDICTION/HYPOTHESIS: The predictions for the relationship were as follows: The relationship between the different variables of the circular motion would be that of proportionality. The mass of the proposed object would be inversely proportional to the frequency of the objects revolutions. The centripetal force, which pulls the object towards the center causing its circular motion, would be directly proportional to the inverse of the frequency of the objects revolutions. The radius of the circular path that the object moves in would be inversely proportional to the frequency of the objects revolutions. MATERIALS: The materials used in the experiment were: Different masses (100g, 150g, and 200g) PROCEDURE: The steps taken for the conduction of the experiment are as follows: Experiment 1: Relationship between frequency and the centripetal force i.e. radius, velocity and mass are constant. Measure and record the mass of one stopper with the chemical balance before use in the experiment. Tie the stopper to a string with a length of approximately 1.5m. Insert a thin cylindrical PVC pipe at the other end of the string. Measure the distance between the centre of the stopper and the centre of the PVC pipe and adjust it to 75cm. i.e. radius=75cm. Attach a mass, M, of 100g to the B-end of the string. Measure a distance ...

Learning Moral Values in College Movies

Learning Moral Values in College Movies Read how college movies can teach moral values. Organized youth groups, sports clubs, church organizations promote traditional moral values through peer interaction and learning the social consequences of a particular behavior. Similarly, moral values are promoted through mass media communication such as television, videos, songs, and movies by offering different models of behavior and their corresponding rewards or punishment. Movies are not simply entertainment as they expose people to social norms and life experiences. They are normally presented with themes and characters displaying value-laden principles and taking moral decisions that are influential in shaping or modifying a person’s value system. Movies displaying immorality such as crimes, violence against women, homosexuality, and others are likely to influence their audience moral values negatively.  Movies are important elements in youth’s socialization and reinforcement of values learned from home and school. For example, study shows that cowboy heroes in movies unintentionally convey socially significant information that influences values, attitudes, and beliefs of young people. Life Lessons in College Movies There are a number of movies set in college with moral value.  In 1994 for example, the movie With Honors is about an arrogant Harvard student (played by American-Canadian actor Brendan Frazer) who loses the only copy of his thesis  which he later found in the hands of a homeless but street-smart older man. The conflict began when the homeless man used the thesis as leverage for some favors. The egotistical and antagonistic Harvard senior student tried but failed to outsmart the situational intelligence and shrewd resourcefulness of the street smart and finally agrees to negotiate. The movie according to some reviews is a thoughtful representation of life with a moral value that people should do what makes them happy. The Harvard student negotiating for his thesis is at first snobbish and insufferable but mature and becomes sympathetic to the pain and suffering of the homeless man. Find more interesting information: How Human Dignity Is Valued in Academic Sphere Can We Actually Rewrite a Film? Most good college movies explore social and moral issues and teach important life lessons. One of them is the 1998 dark comedy film Dead Man on Campus, the story of college studious student (Josh) who is led astray by his roommate’s (Cooper) carefree lifestyle. Initially, the movie explores the economic reality of getting a college education and consequences of neglecting your studies. For instance, Josh gets into college on a scholarship that requires him to get a passing grade each semester. Cooper’s college education, on the other hand, is funded by his father despite consistent failing grade. Lost in Cooper’s partying world, the normally studious Josh failed to pass all his mid-term exams and facing a loss of scholarship. Similarly, Cooper’s father finally discovers his son’s lack of concern in passing the course and threatens to stop the funding if Cooper fails again. Facing a similar dilemma, they found a solution in an unusual academic rule where roommate of a student who commits suicide gets a perfect grade but it didn’t work. The problem was resolved when the school gives Josh (who commit a fake suicide attempt over the bridge) a second chance while Cooper, (a hero to his father as he allegedly convinced Josh to abandon his plan) maintained the funding. However, they learned the lessons well as both became more serious in their studies.

ANALYSIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ANALYSIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION - Essay Example A Commissioner can be responsible for policy areas that belong to different DGs. Cabinet portfolios are basically function-based. National officials are invited by the Commission to participate on expert and advisory committees in the preparatory stages of a policy process. They attend as area experts, and do not formally represent their governments (Docksey and Williams, 1997, p. 141). Interest group participation is functionally based. The geographical principle is apparent in several respects. At the apex of the organization, the College of Commissioners is comprised of persons proposed by the member governments. They are served by personal secretariats that are composed of compatriots of the respective commissioners. For the Commission services, the recruitment of officials is drawn from national quotas but merit criteria is also applied. The EU has 27 member countries. ... (since 2004-05-01), Lithuania (since 2004-05-01), Luxembourg (EUR), Malta (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2008-01-01), the Netherlands (EUR), Poland (since 2004-05-01),Portugal (EUR), Romania (since 2007-01-01),Slovakia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2009-01-01), Slovenia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR) , Spain (EUR), Sweden (since 1995-01-01) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. III. Economic Total Value of Trade The EU has a tremendous trading partnership with various countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP). The total value of EU trade with the ACP countries reached approximately 80 billion for 2007. The breakdown of trade transactions reflected figures of EU importation worth 40.2 billion and EU export figures of 39.7 billion. For the African countries, the EU is their largest trading partner.In terms of trade composition, the profile of key products which are currently traded are as follows: the ACP countries export petroleum (42% of total exports), cocoa beans, (5%) and diamonds (5%). The EU exports machinery (22%), oil (11%), vehicles (7%), boats (7%), and medicines (3%). The EU also poured considerable foreign direct investment to the ACP countries which had increased from 1,922 million in 1996 to 4,319 million in 2002. This value of investment represents approximately 3.3% share out of the total investment outflows of the EU.In terms of foreign direct investment breakdown, foreign dirext investment flows to ACP Africa peaked from 1,532 million in 1995 to 2,799 million in 2002. Hence, the ACP has increasingly become a destination for investment by the EU.According to EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson (2008), the continued prosperity of Europe hinges on business certainty, tariff predictability,

There is a problem with categorising the secret (and half secret) Essay

There is a problem with categorising the secret (and half secret) trust and ascertaining its jurisprudential basis.Critically analyse the jurisprudential basi - Essay Example a right to be repaid by a borrower) or proprietary (e.g. a fee simple or lease of land) are held by one person on behalf of another (Penner and Swadling, 2007). The person creating the trust is called the settler, the person holding the rights is the trustee, and the person for whom those rights are held is the beneficiary. Moreover, the conception of trust is an amalgam of several ideas which relate equity, contract, obligation and law of property. The trust has several advantages over the will especially in passing the property rights to the genuine beneficiaries. This holds more relevant when secrecy has to be maintained for some reasons which is not possible in case of will. Of course, the creation of trust may result in some problems legally especially while categorizing the type of trust i.e. full secret trust or half secret trust. This necessitates the critical analysis of theoretical bases of formation of secret trusts, advantages of trusts over wills, differences between hal f secret and full secret trusts and some practically useful case studies. Preventing the fraud has been the main theoretical basis for trust formation (Hodge, 1980). At the same time, the wider and narrower views of fraud making during transfer of properties has to be kept in mind while formation of any trust. Some times, the trustee may try to cheat the settler by deviating from the norms actually mentioned in the trust (Bannister v Bannister, 1948). The main advantages of trusts over wills would also form the theoretical basis for formation of any trust. Some theories mention that the formation of trust and transfer of money or other assets to the beneficiaries would certainly aid in saving income tax and any other hidden taxes. Secondly, it offers the settler to maintain privacy and more importantly secrecy. This is quite remarkable in maintaining the safety of the beneficiaries. It is also conceptualized that the possibility of any intentional fraud can be

Social Media Team in Customer Relation Management & Balanced Scorecard Essay

Social Media Team in Customer Relation Management & Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Given that, the main points throughout the discussion touch upon different companies. It will give a general look at the strategic media performance of contemporary organizations in the world. First and foremost, company’s goals are more vital than contemporary state of affairs. In this respect the need for a balanced scorecard has grown once high technologies bubbled over in the most of world countries in the early 1990s. Translating the vision of an organization leads toward seeking the means for finding out the most optimal solutions through linking â€Å"current actions with tomorrow’s goals† (Kaplan & Norton, 2007, p. 150). This is why the need for strategic implementations is mostly based on how an organization communicates its strategy with customers and how it complements the very requirements and expectations thereof. It is vital to note that devising the overall strategy regarding the social media team is, perhaps, the most important thing to do nowadays. Taking a glimpse at what current mass media propose to customers, there is plenty to talk about the social awareness of such companies as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, McDonald’s, BP, Apple, etc. All these giants seem to expand the most of the market in their concrete fields of activities. Notably, the main weapon for them is not only television, but Web 2.0 technologies including social networking, e-mailing, micro-blogging, and so on. According to the scorecard perspective, there are four main processes to draw up the entire vision of the company, namely: translating the vision, communicating and linking, business planning, and feedback and learning (Kaplan & Norton, 2007). The second one is at the core of current discussion as it is straightly referred to CRM. Thus, internal data of the company should partly be disseminated among the key groups of customers. Wollan, Smith, & Zhou (2011) point out that being serious about social media is a prerequisite for

The Effect Of Overfishing On Bluefin Tuna In Marine Life Essay Example for Free

The Effect Of Overfishing On Bluefin Tuna In Marine Life Essay This essay will show the important of fish in our life and explain the effect of overfishing in the marine life and discuss about solutions that will help to reduce the overfishing. Fish is generally a healthy protein choice, lower in saturated fat, total fat and calories than a comparable portion of meat or poultry. Some fish, particularly fatty, cold water fish such as salmon, mackerel and herring are high in omega-3 fatty acids, a type of fat that helps make your blood less likely to form clots that may cause heart attacks. Anchovies, sardines and lake trout are other good sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Especially for those at risk of heart disease, the benefit of eating fish thats rich in omega-3 fatty acids outweighs  potential risks. Some 80 percent of the worlds fish stocks have been fished to their limits, and that’s because of the overfishing. Literally overfishing is when so many fish are caught that the population cant reproduce enough to replace them. Overfishing can lead to depletion of or extinction of many fish populations. Overfishing is considered one of the biggest threats to bluefin tuna. Red tunas, sharks, rays and cods may soon disappear from our tables. Negotiations are ongoing at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to reduce the subsidies that contribute to this issue. These talks foresee exceptions for developing countries, but small fishers may have to turn to other sources of livelihood. Worldwide scientists are worried about the number of Bluefin tuna for being fished into extinction. The say a ban on fishing is necessary to stop and help numbers recover. Some countries supported the idea but some other countries rejected it. A country like Japan refused to join in any kind of agreement to ban international trade of Bluefin tuna. Knowing that Japan consumes about 80% of the worlds bluefin tuna catch from the Mediterranean. And according to there country’s top fisheries negotiator Masanori Miyhara We dont believe the bluefin tuna is endangered to that extent,† With Japans impact on the bluefin fishing industry, its intensely disappointing and worrying to see the country take this stance. Another country disagree the ban was France, which has the largest Mediterranean Bluefin fleet. The country said it was prepared to back an international trade ban. But let us not to forget the efforts that being taken and incited from small-scale fishermen, Greenpeace campaigners and the marine scientists for substantial reduction in catches to allow stocks to recover. A plan approved from the European MPs on the fisheries committee that aims to tackle the issues. It has set an objective to bring fish stocks back to sustainable levels by 2020, with an intermediate goal to reduce exploitation by 2015. In my opinion dietary choices has indirect impact on saving the marine life and the reducing the catch of Bluefin tuna. Theres a consumer angle in this, a way for the individual to take action, even if many of the solutions to overfishing have to take place at the collective level. Then there is simple demand reduction. Eat less fish. It may be a healthy source of protein as well as other nutrients, but the fact of the matter is that there isnt much  in fish that cant also be ob tained from plant sources. Without action both nationally and internationally, individual action will be insufficient to prevent overfishing. However, cutting back on the amount of fish eaten, and ensuring what is eaten is from sustainable source is about the biggest impact a single person can have. Finally we shall accept and agree that the issue of overfishing of the Bluefin tuna exists in our world sooner or later we shall come across seas without fish and marine life. Coming across the fact that two thirds of fish stocks in the continent’s waters are currently overfished. Serious action and cooperation should be taken from major big countries in order to tackle the issue. We need to come closer together countries individual and give extra care to out marine life. My references: 1. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/19417.php 2. http://www.globalissues.org/news/2009/07/02/2051. 3. http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/greenpeace-welcomes-bold-plan-end-discards-and-overfishing-20121218. 4. http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/how-bad-is-overfishing-what-can-we-do-to-stop-it.html.

Seventh Day Adventist Experience Religion Essay

Seventh Day Adventist Experience Religion Essay From the very beginning of time many people have asked the same questions: Who am I. Why do I exist. Is there someone or something above us that created it all? Humankind has wondered about God or a supernatural higher authority thru ought history. And since that time cultures and countries have developed their own beliefs and opinions on what is religion and God. From ancient sacred indigenous religions to present day contemporary practices, many religions contain similar basic traditions and beliefs, but yet there are so many sects of the religion and many different followings. From polytheistic beliefs to monotheistic views people have chosen their path based to what best suites their personal self. When focusing on a certain popular worldwide religion such as Christianity you may get lost in all the many diverse teachings and sects. In all these so called Christian denominations you can find teaching from the scripture The Holy Bible being translated in many different perspective views. From theology to soteriology to theodicy and bibliology each denominations chooses its own teachings. There are multiple examples to list , one being many Christian sects that believe in God, Holy Spirit, Jesus Christ, but look at all of those parts of spirituality differently. They range from the very conservative to so called liberal denominations. Even though all Christians read and follow the teachings from the same sacred text The Holy Bible it all comes down to how their bibliology is translated. The theology of the Seventh-day Adventist is similar to Protestant Christian teachings like the infallibility of Scripture. Typical teachings include the unconscious state of the dead and the doctrine of an explanatory judgment. The church is also known for its stress on diet and health, its encouragement of religious liberty, and its conservative principles and lifestyle. (Wilson 4) Seventh Day Adventists were founded by a group of leaders William Miller, S. S. Snow, Joseph Bates, James White, Mrs. Ellen G. White. Ellen G. White has written some books that the Seventh Day Adventists follow up on. Adventists recognize her as the Lords messenger. Her writings are a continuing source of truth which provide for the church comfort, guidance, instruction, and correction which are listed in the 28 Fundamental Beliefs. Some of the 28 fundamental beliefs are the following; belief in Trinity, Life death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, Experience of salvation, Unity in the body of Christ, Baptism in full water submersion, lords supper, Spiritual Gifts and ministries, And most important keeping the Sabbath. ( Wilson 1) The sacred scripture that the Seventh Day Adventists use is Holy Bible. They focus on the Old Testament mainly for their doctrinal laws, and use New Testament to follow up those scriptures. Unlike many other Christian denominations the Seventh Day Adventists are very strict on what they believe in. When it comes to salvation the Seventh day Adventist believe that one has to believe by faith that Jesus Christ Is lord and savior and that he paid the penalty on the cross from remission of all sins. That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. (Romans 10:9-10) There are two strong doctrines that the Seventh Day Adventist stress on wich is the returning of the messiah, and keeping the Sabbath holy. Throughout the history of their religion there have been many attempts of individual leaders who proclaimed the day of the revival of the lord. Trial after trial they have failed, but still to this day have hope in the day of their return of the savoir Jesus. When it comes to keeping the Sabbath, they believe that Saturday is a holy day and no labor is to be done from Fri night to Saturday. Due to the Old Testament scriptures when God said he rested on the 7th day after creation. Like most Christian denominations the Seventh Day Adventists believe in final judgment day, where every human being will be judged on how they lived their life on this earth. Then the outcome of their judgment will decide where they will prolong their eternal life in hell or in heaven. My journey starts at the Slavic Seventh Day Adventists in Fort Myers. The church service was on Friday evening and it was located in Ft. Myers Florida where my co workers friend lives and attends service regularly. As I soon found out there are many different rules that apply to dress codes as well as codes of behavior, and even though in a sense this particular division or sect of Christianity has the same basic principles as the church I grew up in there are many marked differences. The first rule that I was introduced to was, that after sunset on Friday night through sunset of Saturday night, no work is to be done, nothing is cooked or cleaned and there is only limited driving is allowed. The Seventh Day Adventist observe the Sabbath and treat it with respect as the day God rested and this is a time for worship and prayer as a family as well as the attending of church services on Friday night and Saturday morning. The family that opened their home for me took me to a Friday night prayer and worship service at their local church, and in fact it was near the home so the family and I walked to service. The females in the family were required to wear long skirts as this is the proper attire for the women of this religion, many of the women do not ever wear pants and shorts for recreational purposes. Now this I thought was really weird and out of date. The no pants rule was actually a little odd for me seeing as I never knew that there was a part of the Bible that disagreed with women wearing pants, but the father of the family pointed out to me that in the bible there is in fact a statement about women wearing mens clothing A woman must not wear mens clothing, nor a man wear womens clothing, for the LORD your God detests anyone who does this. (KJV, Deuteronomy 22:5). ). I always thought the Deuteronomy verse was actually talking about women taking on the roles of men and vice versa, however the Ad ventists believe that this is a clear cut rule about dress code. This is just one of the many strict rules they follow. The other requirement that I had a hard time understanding was when the females had to wear head covering, since most women who are married or have children are asked to wear a head covering as a sign of respect to God or their spouse. Thank God we men dont have to wear covering on the head, it looked very uncomfortable. Although I personally believe that the wifes submission to a husband is a necessary but no to a part of religion on closeness with God, but although its odd and uncomfortable for me to see this, it seemed disrespectful to disregard their sense of tradition and faith, because they believe it is sinful for a women to have her head uncovered. Once we entered the sanctuary it was obvious that there were a couple differences there as well. To my surprise the men and the women were sitting on separate sides of the church, even though most of them were married couples. So I was expected to sit on the male side of the church. This again was a little off-putting to me since I was not brought up to see a spiritual difference in the sex of an individual, and I was always taught that we are all created equal in the eyes of the Lord. I was unsure of why exactly the men and the women were separated. But then one individual told me that this was to keep the sanctity of the church and to not tempt people. I still do not understand what the temptation is, but perhaps it is to keep people focused on the message and not on who is sitting next to them. The service itself was very peaceful and mellow. It was a little more serious than what I expected it to be. When it came time for the congregation to sing, I was expecting some loud jamming praise of what I am used to. But to my surprise the congregation stood up and started to sing old, traditional hymns. Now I have not heard such songs in my life before, their lyrics were true and really inspiring. They brought peace to my soul and had tremendous meaning. To my surprise I actually enjoyed their melodious sonnets. Now when it came to the final sermon I was preparing myself for an uplifting prosperity sermon. But once again as the preacher walked up to the pulpit and his face seemed to have humble serious look. His facial emotion made me feel very awkward and curious on what he was about to say. And then he began to preach. Wow was I in for a surprise! His topic was on the lackness of spiritual foundation is our lives. And then he went on convicting individuals on their sins. I felt as if he was preaching Fire and Brimstone like a dooms day type of sermons as if the whole congregation was going to hell. Now as I was intensely listening to the sermon, I started to realize that hes been preaching for almost an hour. This I am not used to at all, most sermons Ive listened to were at most 20 minutes long. After all it was a crazy new experience for me. This made me question a lot of other sermons that are being preached in allot of contemporary liberal churches today. The worship and sermon was then followed by a couple long prayers. Now when prayer comes to my mind, I picture standing up or sitting down praying easy short straight to the point prayers. Well not in this case. Many of the elders and pastors each had a minute to offer their own prayer out loud. I kneeling their on my knees praying to God to have them finish faster because my knees where going numb. The prayers were interesting in the sense that people were weeping out loud, something I am not used to since the worship and prayer services I have been exposed to, were always happy and excited. During prayer every member of the congregation was expected to be kneeled on their knees, which remarkable was very interesting to me, to see the united front they presented in prayer, there were young and old from babies to grandmas, kneeling in prayer together. Now this set a whole new idea of prayer in my mind. The prayer went on for probably fifteen minutes, which felt like a whole day. Now to end the service the whole congregation chanted the Lords Prayer. Our father in heavenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ect. This I found interesting due to the fact that I never had the experience of praying the prayer in a church with all the members out loud. After service there was a little bit of conversation amongst the people of the congregation, and many of them were very happy to provide me with additional information, and answer my questions in regards to their religion. One of the biggest questions I had was why they choose to follow the old testament more than the newer testament as many of the other churches do. Which one of the elder brothers replied If God wanted only the New Testament to be observed he would have found a way to eliminate the Old Testament first, but as it is there are both there for you cannot understand the power of one without the other. The Old Testament was given by God himself to the people and it was expected to be observed and respected, and that without this beginning there would be no New Testament to follow.(Brother Vasily). This was very interesting to me since in all honesty I was not one to pay much attention to that part of the Bible, but in a sense it was understandable where he was coming from. The Old Testament gives people one clear cut way of doing things, whether staying away from unclean foods, to following certain dress codes, it is a spelled out way to follow God. It is definitely different from what I wa s taught, but it was interesting to see this belief system span generations with little regard to what other people may think or say. It was amazing to be able to ask individuals that follow these set of beliefs. My questions pertaining to the world around them even simple things such as diet. They believe in Kosher to follow the decryption of clean versus unclean animals. Even the topic of family and children was interesting to discuss since in this day and age most churches do not control or even necessarily disregard smaller families or family planning. But in the religious view points of the Adventists there should be no control from the peoples end and that each child is a blessing that should be welcomed and accepted as a gift from God. In other words they dont believe in use of protection in sex. Some individuals go as far as saying that through the birth of children the women is saved or blessed from her past transgressions, this statement kind of made me wonder about the true belief in the forgiveness and life through Christ. The other topic of religious difference that I was interested in is communion and baptism, since in the church I grew up in these were traditional parts that involved all people considered born again. This of course was different as well since the church community I was part of strongly believes that children under the age of eighteen should not participate in the water baptism and communion since they are not truly adults and are in a sense still under the covering of their parents. This religious experience was incredibly different from what I grew up with and what I am accustomed to. The church I grew up in was considered Non-Denominational, where I was also taught about the Holy Trinity and about being saved through Jesus. However the church I was brought up in centered its teaching on the New Testament, so the Sabbath was not a much more important day than any other. Instead Sunday was the holy day. The other large difference was that there were no rules as far as worship was concerned; there was no solemn prayer or a serious undertone which is what I experienced in the Friday service at the Adventist church. Worship in the church was exposed to be a happy occasion with clapping, dancing, laughter and banner waving, these were all considered to be typed of worship and a way to appreciate and come closer to God. From the Adventist point of view however, this show is not only unnecessary but inappropriate in the House Of God, it was considered disrespectful if someone were to laugh out loud or shout, and instead quiet and poised respect was encouraged, almost like a respect for the higher authority. The other big difference for me was that in the church I grew up in it was considered an individuals choice to become baptized or participate in communion as soon as they were able to distinguish being born again and what sin is. This experience was a good one for me to step out of my comfort zone and realize that although the church and religion my coo workers friend followed is considered in a sense a type of Christianity it was as though I stepped into a different world. There is a lot of tradition and strict sense of family, God and respect, in the Adventist church, and perhaps this was an atypical experience since it was at a Slavic division. But it was interesting to see how people who in a sense believe in the same God as the Baptists, Lutherans, Methodist, Pentecostals and many other Protestants believe in, have a completely different interpretation of what this God so expecting ad even desiring from him followers. And although this is not the religion I was able to make a personal connection with, the people of the church I visited were very gracious and even enthusiastic to show me their ways and views of God and religion. They were very welcoming to discussion as well as questions that I had toward s them. It was amazing to see that within one large group of religion such as Christianity, there are so many subgroups with differences that go from mild to drastic.

The Days of the Bomb :: Essays Papers

The Days of the Bomb The main goal of the Pacific War was to stop the Japanese from getting out of control. The U.S. government needed to send a message that Japan cannot be allowed to carry out their military imperialism. By 1945, the War in the Pacific was turning quickly to the United States’ favor. The United States Army was island hopping, taking each island and moving on to the next, toward the Japanese mainland. However, the Japanese refused surrender. They withstood each attack and refused to run until fully defeated. Although, the United States Army was relentlessly and inevitably moving towards the Japanese mainland, the Army was still losing troops and equipment. Army officials estimated it would take until the fall of the following year to reach the main island of Japan. In that time, several hundred thousand lives would be lost on both sides. The Japanese were showing absolutely no sign of surrender. The United States had to do something drastic to end the war. They had just one optio n: the atomic bomb. An experiment had been conducted in New Mexico involving the harnessing of the power of the atom. This device would be used in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the United States’ chance to end World War II quickly. The decision to drop the bomb on Hiroshima came directly from then President Harry S Truman. Additional American lives were lost each day. However, Truman knew about the successful testing of the atomic bomb. On the advice of his cabinet, he decided that the bomb was to be used as soon as humanly possible. The whole idea of the atomic bomb was to use it solely as a military weapon, just as any gun or grenade. Truman knew that unleashing the power of atomic energy in the form of a weapon would have serious consequences on the entire world. However, looking at the outcome of war, there was no doubt that World War II was already having that affect on the globe. The bomb was just part of the whole war. Truman, in his memoirs, even said, "I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used."1 Any effects of the bomb would just be casualties of war. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Great Britain, also saw the bomb as the only way to end the war.

Why is the Golden Age of Policing’ such a potent myth in British society?

The Golden Age of policing refers to a time when things were apparently better. We have all heard elders in our society talk of the good old days when none of today's atrocities happened: when the police did a better job, when there weren't as many criminals. However how true is the myth of the Golden Age? In order to examine this myth it is crucial to look at the police and their roles back in the 1940s and 50s and compare it to their roles today and also look at society and their view of the police. There is lots of historical evidence available to us about the police and how it has formed since, in particular the 18th Century. This evidence is based on original documentation from the time and gives us an accurate account, however we can only interpret and construct the history, as there is nobody alive to tell us otherwise. The so-called Golden Age is within living memory and we only have to use the evidence, to tell us of the time, but we can also ask people who were there. These people can compare current policing to the Golden Age and in contrast an age of better times is created. This works with other issues not only policing. Police roles in Britain remained fairly static from the early 19th Century to the 1960s. The police had four main functions, the first being Crime Prevention, to prevent crime before it began. Policing was visible and unmilitary. Crime Detection was a function that involved the apprehension and prosecution of criminals. It did not really involve detection, as this was a low priority function because there was paranoia about spies. Detection involved invisible policing in contrast to the visible policing of crime prevention. The third function was that of Public Order, which dealt with rioting. This was a variable function as public order was stable within society. The last function was the service role. The service role was an important part of policing at the time as the police did many other jobs including tax collection, auxiliary firemen and licensee inspections. The police provided cheap labour for society and were a huge part of community life. The role of the police changed with the introduction of The Police Act 1964. The structure of the police also changed and the tripartite relationship was put in place, which is still seen today. The main roles of the police have changed slightly and now include crime prevention, crime detection, the service role and a range of special units that have become more important than the public order role. Special units within the police include units such as the Drugs Squad, Fraud Squads and public order squads like riot control and armed police. It is said that these specialist units have had an influence in the decline of the service role. Officers do not spend as much time dealing with low level crime, as they are unable to solve this type of crime and so instead concentrate on high impact crime. The police moved away from the service role as professionalism was introduced and a move was made from the amateur unskilled labourer to a professional employee who in turn was paid well. To join the police became a career. Policing today in comparison to the Golden Age is seen as distant and remote. Policing in modern times has become technological. The use of mobile phones and walkie-talkies has increased efficiency within the police. The police drive round in cars and are hardly seen in some areas. Other areas do have a police presence but it is not always welcome. The police are now more readily armed and use deadly force if needed. In recent years even this year innocent people have been shot and killed by the police. Policing has become bureaucratic and this has caused limited results. Policing has become ruled by administration and paperwork and sees police officers spending most of their time in police stations. In the 1940s and 50s policing was seen as very benevolent. They were members of a community who were well natured and well mannered, they lived within the locality and were seen as non-confrontational. There was an apparent use of minimal force. They didn't carry arms and the local bobby was seen with nothing other than his truncheon. Society at the time was in a state of stability and the public order role of police was very minimal. Policing was seen as un-technological. They didn't have the use of cars or mobiles and the local bobby was visible walking or on a bike. Policing was something that was good. To examine this view we must first analyse people's attitudes at the time. During the Second World War people were used to figures of authority and they were used to discipline. There was social cohesion, as people seemed to know their place in society. People didn't move about the country as they do today and it was usual to be born and die in the same area. Britain was in a state of economic stability, there was full employment and people seemed happy. The police as figures of authority were respected and put on a pedestal. A survey called Exploring the English Character, conducted by Geoffrey Gorer in 1955 found the public to think, â€Å"The police represent an ideal model of behaviour and character†. (Reiner 1989) The policing of the time seems somewhat idyllic. What is not mentioned is that for the police this era was not necessarily a good one. The job of policeman was not seen as a career at the time. It was a semi skilled job that had a very low wage and this did not get better until the 1970s. Police malpractice in the form of corruption was wide spread through out the force and there were a number of police scandals involving Chief Constables. (Emsley). The Chief Constable of Worcester was imprisoned for fraud and the Chief Constable for Cardigan was disciplined for not administering his force correctly. The Chief Constable for Nottingham was suspended and later acquitted but damage had been done to the police already. (Wall) Recorded crime was on the increase and there were race riots in Nottingham. British society was becoming a consumer society and there was a huge increase in car ownership. This in turn gave the police new duties in traffic control. The police began to have anxieties about the public. (Reiner 2000) In 1960 this malpractice led to the Royal Commission on policing. It is worth noting that to have a Royal commission something must have been wrong in the first place. The media have their own part to play in the representation of the police at the time. There was minimal media coverage and Dixon Of dock Green was the fictional policeman that covered the television screens. He was the perfect friendly local policeman that helped the community and was even kind to the local villains. Unlike today where our screens are inundated with police programmes from â€Å"The Bill† to the fly on the wall police documentaries where the police are portrayed in both good and bad lights. Today the police are seen more as Robocop than Dixon who would wade in with guns and bombs rather than a truncheon. Today's police are constantly in the public eye and because of this the public are more aware of what actually goes on within the police. In conclusion the Golden Age is a myth in British society as there is little evidence that it was better. (Wilson) Policing in the 1950s was different from what it is today but that is expected of anything in life, it cannot stay the same. The Golden age was based on blind faith and ignorance of what policing involved at a harmonious time. In today's age we are confronted with growing concerns of crime from terrorism to drug trafficking which have not been seen in such large scales in this century. Public attitudes to the police have changed and so have the attitudes of those that work in the police. Public confidence has declined due to the rising crime rates that have soared due to cultural, social and economic factors and the increase in reporting and scandals within the police, however the police are in a better state today than before. (Downes and Morgan in Maguire 2002). The Golden Age myth will continue and in fifty years time the Golden Age will be replaced with a new one that is constructed by law-abiding citizens of the police of today.

Great Bombay Textile Strike

Great Bombay Textile Strike The  Great Bombay Textile Strike  was a textile  strike  called on 18 January 1982 by the mill workers of  Bombay  (currently  Mumbai) under trade union leader  Dutta Samant. The purpose of the strike was to obtain bonus and wage increases. Nearly 250,000 workers and more than 50 textile mills went on strike in Bombay. [1] History of Mills in Bombay | | Built in 1887,  Swadeshi  was Bombay's first textile mill, the first of the factories that spread over  Girangaon, popularly nicknamed as Bombay's â€Å"village of mills†, in the next decades. By 1982, when Datta Samant led the textile strike, over 240,000 people worked in Girangaon. [2] Protests In late 1981, Dutta Samant was chosen by a large group of Bombay mill workers to lead them in a precarious conflict between the Bombay Mill owners Association and the unions, thus rejecting the  INTUC-affiliated Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh  which had represented the mill workers for decades. Samant planned a massive strike forcing the entire industry of the city to be shut down for over a year. 3]  It was estimated that nearly 250,000 workers went on strike and more than 50 textile mills were shut in Bombay. In August 1982, the city police briefly went on strike, apparently in sympathy with the workers resulting into the army and Border Security Force to be called in to control the unrest. [1]  Samant demanded that, along with wage hikes, the government scrap the  Bombay Industrial Act of 1947  and that the RMMS would not longer be the only official union of the city industry. While fighting for greater pay and better conditions for workers, Samant and his allies also sought to capitalize and establish their power on the trade union scene in Mumbai. Although Samant had links with the Congress and Maharashtra politician  Abdul Rehman Antulay,  Prime Minister  Indira Gandhi  considered him a serious political threat. Samant's control of the mill workers made Gandhi and other Congress leaders fear that his influence would spread to the port and dock workers and make him the most powerful union leader in India's commercial capital. Thus the government took a firm stance of rejecting Samant's demands and refusing to budge despite the severe economic losses suffered by the city and the industry. As the strike progressed through the months, Samant's militancy in the face of government obstinacy led to the failure of any attempts at negotiation. Disunity and dissatisfaction over the strike soon became apparent, and many textile mill owners began moving their plants outside the city. After a prolonged and destabilizing confrontation, the strike collapsed with no concessions having been obtained for the workers. The closure of textile mills across the city left tens of thousands of mill workers unemployed and, in the succeeding years, most of the industry moved away from Bombay after decades of being plagued by rising costs and union militancy. Although Samant remained popular with a large block of union activists, his clout and control over Bombay trade unions disappeared. [3] Consequences The majority of the over 80 mills in Central Mumbai closed during and after the strike, leaving more than 150,000 workers unemployed. [4]  Textile industry in Mumbai has largely disappeared, reducing labor migration after the strikes. [5]

Business Essay

Business Essay For writing Business essays, there are some steps that should be considered important by the writers whether they are students or any other writers. First, think over your subject and collect ideas. Usually students find it difficult to get relevant matter for their essays. For this purpose, you must use some of these means which are following: Reading: Reading books that are relevant to your business essay topics can help you out of the above-mentioned problem. Reading also helps you to store ideas and points in your mind, which you can use further. Observation: Wherever, you get a chance to go out, keep your eyes and ears alert and observe things. Whenever possible, make notes of things of interest you have observed. Thinking: Train yourself to the habit of thinking clearly for yourself and forming your own conclusions for the business essay that you are going to write. After collecting your material related to the business essay, arrange it. When you are ready with your material properly arranged or you have got your points, form an outline of the business essay. Expand your points so that you can get a well-connected narrative or description or whatever else you are required to produce. Be watchful of your style. Use a simple language but make it interesting. Do not use slang words and expressions and do not use too many idioms in your business essays. Let there be three parts of your essay: Introduction The Body Conclusion Do not begin your business essays straight away with a definition of the subject. Begin indirectly but come to the point at once. Reserve a good point for your conclusion and use it at the end of your business essay but remember, do not try to introduce a new point at the end of business essays, it should be unique but should be a summarized version of an already discussed point. Divide you business essays into paragraphs. The initial part of the business essays should be for the introduction and the last part for your conclusion and in between the introductory part and conclusion part comes the body part. Divide the body into as many paragraphs as is suitable according to the topic that you have selected for business essays writing. Each paragraph should talk about one particular idea or thought. Many ideas should not be amalgamated in one paragraph. For multiple thoughts, use multiple paragraphs. Do not write in a rambling style; do not wander away from the subject in hand. The above-mentioned points can also be used for writing business term papers, business research papers and all kinds of business papers. You can always contact us for you problems in terms of business school essays and essays on business of all kinds such as business law essay and business ethics essays. You can order high-quality custom essays on Business from our online custom essay writing company now. Here is a list of the most popular Business essay topics: 1. Starting a Small Business 2. Ethical Issues in International Business 3. Fundamentals of business law 4. E-Business, Step to the New World. 5. Employment Law for Business 6. Nonverbal Communication in Business 7. Identify the past and the present influence of technology on business organizations. 8. Business and politics in Europe 9. Business Etiquette 10. Global Virtual Business 11. How role of entrepreneurship is affected by global and electronic business environment? 12. Business Management 13. Business Strategies 14. Foreign Environments Affecting International Business 15. What is Business Studies? 16. Effective Communication In Business Environment 17. How to write a Business Plan 18. American Business Models 19. Business Social Responsibilities 20. How to Develop a Business 21. Business Systems Analysis 22. Failing Business 23. How Business affects life 24. Financial Risks of Conducting Business Internationally 25. Business Mission Statements 26. Different Types of Businesses 27. Online Business Marketing 28. The Goals of the Business 29. Business recruitment 30. Women in business   

Bach3 essays

Bach3 essays He was a musical genius with thousands of musical compositions written in his lifetime. He spent his life in Germany, primarily Leipzig, and worked at a school for the city. He is considered to be one of the greatest musical composers, and composed till the day he died. An unruly youth who greatly disliked authority, he had a strong will and mind of his own. Well liked with many friends, yet no one really knew his inner workings, or how he thought. Of the thousands of musical pieces he composed, few were published in his life. This was a man who composed in great numbers, had reasons for doing so, and lived a rather simple, middle class Johann Sebastian Bach (J.S.) was born March 21st 1685, in Eisenach, Germany. His father was Johann Ambrosius, a court trumpeter for the Duke of Eisenach and the director of the musicians of the town of Eisenach. His family had been well known for many generations as a He started school when he was eight and when he was nine he was sent to live with his older brother. His parents had died after losing two other children, a son and a daughter. His brother, Johann Christoph Bach, let J.S. live with him in Ohrdruf, Germany. Under the teachings of his brother Bach quickly mastered the organ and harpsichord. During his stay with his brother, Bach attended school and was encouraged by his older brother to study composition. Soon Bach could no longer stay with his brother, for his brothers family was getting too big. Bach traveled with a school friend, on foot, to a North-German musical center in Luneberg, Germany. At this time J.S. was 15-years-old, and had a beautiful soprano voice which helped him get into the school. It was his violin playing, which he developed while there, that kept him at the school after he lost his soprano voice. He stayed in Luneberg until he was nearly eighteen. He was now looking for a job. He wanted the post as or...

The Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Constitution - Essay Example On this note, Attorney General Janet Reno requested the Supreme Court to review the decision on Fourth Circuit in Reno v. Condon. (Axelrod 158). According to Axelrod, Condon claimed that the act implicated states sovereignty which granted the state all the powers even those not specified in the constitution (211). Condon also claimed that enforcement of the act would be enjoying the nation and its administrators. He therefore concluded the act to be contrary to the federalism principles of power delegation, between states and federal government as stated in the constitution. Reno court on the other hand found Driver’s Privacy Protection Act to be a general law of applicability. Generally applicable laws are laws that apply to both the state and private companies. Reno court concluded that, it was constitutional for the congress to regulate the states’ activities where a generally applicable law was involved. If initially Condon had successfully won in Reno v. Condon, there would be both social and political repercussions. Socially, crime levels would increase in the society in case information such as home address or social security number falls in the wrong hands. For example, a woman whose data had been disclosed by the state to another state but ended in hand of a stalker was murdered. Exposure of personal details would also result to segregation among the individuals on the bases of financial level, race or even education levels. Politically, the politicians may use the information for their own advantage by identifying the weakness of the states at individual level eventually leading to manipulation. The other state may with time have enough data from the subject state to investigate the economic power of the state and end up taking advantage of the situation (Axelrod 245) Likewise, the Supreme Court ruled that Driver’s Privacy Protection Act was constitutional and it did not violate federalism principles under the

How Wild Was the West Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Wild Was the West - Essay Example The land that these people lived upon also caused a dilemma as they mainly thrived upon agriculture, and these harsh soil conditions, in actual fact, didn’t quite suit their crops. Throughout these times, the state government was still beginning to establish solid grounds upon the hierarchy of its systematic beliefs. During the early periods, these inhabitants resided in unorganized sections of homelands situated in any way in which they wanted. This is considerably factual in the aspect that when white men began to settle in America during these early times, there were no towns at all. These towns in the early settlings of the west obtained a very meager reputation. This is essentially due to the fact that they engrossed many variables of society. These types of citizens included criminals, robbers, thieves and gunslingers. Taking this into consideration, families were tempted away from these areas, making them seem even more desolate. These however, weren’t the only problems facing the new settlers. Others included tribulations such as facilities and education. The towns were rushed, unplanned and lacked many of the essential requirements that a newly established town must have in order to prosper and to suit the needs of its people. Education is these areas were also poor as the need for teachers increased as the amount of children requiring education did too. Health and hospitalization was also a grave difficulty when sometimes it seemed that the populations became sick, or caught the wrong diseases, and no apparent reason could be found. All of the problems facing these people were mainly due to the fact that they simply had to start from the very core of their society. When they established their grounds upon which they lived, they merely had nothing but hard, dusty earth which of course took them time to develop the necessary means in which to prosper. Other problems included the lack of resources such as banks, buildings and stores. This is particularly factual when combined with other troubles such as cattle rustling, horse stealing (for which the punishment was hanging), and claim jumping. All of these problems and many more, meant that towns had to simply fend for themselves in times of trouble. Conditions during this era also caused problems when they meant that other means were needed to support their livelihood. This is where the unnecessary problems such as crime and hostility took place. Combined with this, gender imbalance meaning the lack of women in the area, meant a lack of community respect and ordered women into violence, caused racism problems and most notably, economic intolerance upon its entire people. Poverty was also another beneficiary of these troubles as it seemed to be inclined upon producing other troubles such as lack of supplies, bad people and depressive social tensions. Why were these towns so violent and lawless Difficulties and negative circumstances seemed to make the towns in the west become intolerable to live in. Some of the main causes of these problems included drunkenness, in which men would become bored, frustrated and fight upon each other. Together with these people included minorities, who found it hard to live in these distrustful conditions and were often the victims of racism and violence because of their religious practices and beliefs. For example, the Mormons practiced polygamy, and had more than one wife which disconcerted the rest of the majority of the population, which eventually led to this group leaving their community. The legal system incorporated in this time upon these areas also shaped an uncompromised